The Crusades – The High Middle Ages – The Black Death – Romanesque & Gothic Art

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THE CRUSADES

1. When did the First Crusade take place?
2. What did the Crusades hope to achieve?
3. Who called for the First Crusade and why?
4. What was the ulterior (real) reason for calling the Crusades?
5. Were the Crusades successful?
6. When did the Muslims first occupy Jerusalem?
7. In which year did the Christians first conquer Jerusalem?
8. How many Crusades were there in total?
9. When was the last Crusade?
10. Are the Crusades considered an important part of Middle East history?
11. In the film The Kingdom of Heaven who was the Muslim leader?
12. Why were the Christians in the film worried about the Muslims taking the city?
13. Who occupies Jerusalem today?
14. Who were the Knights Templar and the Knights of St. John?
15. What happened in 1095
16. Which Pope called for a Crusade to the Holy Land so that he could regain religious influence in Western Europe?
17. What happened in 1099?
18. What did the Christians do to the Muslim and Jewish inhabitants of Jerusalem when they conquered it for the first time?

THE HIGH MIDDLE AGES

19. During the High Middle Ages of the 12^th and 13^th centuries what happened to the economy?
20. What happened to government during the High Middle Ages?
21. What two things were built during the High Middle Ages that demonstrate the extraordinary achievements in European culture?
22. What improvements were there in agriculture during the High Middle Ages?
23. During the High Middle Ages there were 5 basic trade areas in Europe. Name all 5: (H__________, G___________, V_________, C___________ & C__________)
24. What important economic innovation was invented during the High Middle Ages in Italy?
25. During the High Middle Ages the population grew from ­­­___ million in 1000 to ___ million in 1300.
26. Why did cities now become more important during the 12^th century that at any time since the Roman Empire?
27. Why would a serf want to go to live in a city?
28. Who were the bourgeoisie?
29. What was the 12^th century Renaissance?
30. What was the purpose of the first parliaments at this time?
31. What improvements were there in agriculture?
32. Which two writers inspired 12^th century Europe?
33. What was the Western Schism of 1378?
34. Which war dominated the 14^th century?
35. Can you give the dates for the Hundred Years’ War and who fought in it?
36. Why was it called the Hundred Years’ War?
37. Which region in Spain has one of Europe’s oldest parliaments? What is the name of its parliament?
38. Which is the oldest university in the world?

THE BLACK DEATH

39. When did the Black Death begin?
40. When did the Black Death end?
41. Why did they call it the Black Death?
42. Where did the Back Death begin and why?
43. How did the plague come to Europe?
44. How did people become infected?
45. How did the plague spread around Europe so quickly?
46. Why did Poland and Milan suffer from the plague less than the rest of Europe?
47. What happened to the Jews at this time and why?
48. In what ways did the Black Death transform Europe socially and economically?
49. Was the Black Death a good thing for Europe?
50. Could the Black Death affect Europe today in the same way? Why? Why not?
51. Were more plagues after the Black Death in Europe?
52. Did medieval doctors find a cure for the plague?
53. Why is Mongolia relevant in the story of the Black Death?
54. Which group of people was persecuted in Europe during the Black Death?
55. Why, apparently, did the Jews suffer the plague less than the Christians?
56. If you had survived the Black Death, what would your life have been like?
57. What were the symptoms of the Black Death?
58. What is the name of the Catalan parliament?

ROMANESQUE & GOTHIC ART

59. Why was the Romanesque style called ‘Romanesque’?
60. What are the characteristics of Romanesque architecture?
61. Name one example of Romanesque architecture in the city of Girona
62. Name one example of a Romanesque monastery in the province of Girona
63. Name one example of a Romanesque church in the province of Girona, but not in the city
64. Name a famous Romanesque cathedral in Spain that is not in Catalunya
65. How did the Gothic style receive its name?
66. What are the characteristics of Gothic architecture?
67. What architectural innovation led to the Gothic style?
68. Why are there more windows in a Gothic cathedral than a Romanesque cathedral?
69. How was Romanesque sculpture different from Gothic sculpture?
70. When and where was the pointed arch invented?
71. How did the pointed arch affect the building of cathedrals?
72. In which ways were Gothic cathedrals different from Romanesque cathedrals?
73. What art form did they apply to glass windows in Gothic cathedrals?
74. What was a flying buttress?
75. What cross plan was used for constructing Romanesque and Gothic cathedrals?
76. What style later replaced the Gothic in Europe?

77. What is a fresco painting?