THE GREAT QUESTIONS FROM HISTORY

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BAROQUE EUROPE

1.  What period in history does the ‘Baroque’ refer to?
2.  What is the origin (etymology) of the word ‘Baroque’?
3.  What did the Baroque style try to express?
4.  In what ways does the Baroque style reflect the politics of its age?
5.  What were the main problems in Europe during the 17^th century crisis?
6.  In Spain what were válidos?
7.  Who were the two most prominent válidos during this period?
8.  What was the Union of Arms in Spain and why was it unpopular?
9.  What did Felipe III do in 1609?
10.  When and how did Portugal become independent?
11.  Who were the Habsburgs?
12.  What ended the Habsburg hegemony in Europe?
13.  What war was fought between 1701-13?
14.  What did Britain obtain in 1713 as the result of the Treaty of Utrecht?
15.  Which Spanish King signed peace with England in 1604?
16.  What was the name for the Netherlands at this time?
17.  Who fought the Twelve Years’ War?
18.  What famous peace treaty was signed when the war ended?

19.  What does the word ‘hegemony’ mean?
20.  In what year did Spanish hegemony in Europe end?
21.  Why is the Treaty of Westphalia still important today?
22.  What are the names of the two royal dynasties that dominated Europe at this time?
23.  What does ‘Absolutism’ mean?
24.  Who was the Absolute monarch in France that all others chose to copy?
25.  By what other name was this French king known?
26.  What colony had the French founded in North America in the 17^th century?
27.  Which country became a major economic and maritime power in Europe after France?
28.  What was the main source of wealth of the Dutch economy?
29.  What group of people took control of power in this country?
30.  Name one of the two most important Dutch trading companies at this time

31.  Why did Dutch power and influence disappear in the second half of the 17^th century?
32.  In the Dutch government what was the States General?
33.  What royal dynasty in Great Britain tried to rule their domains as absolute monarchs?
34.  What happened in England in 1642 as a result of the confrontation between Parliament and the monarchy?
35.  Who became ‘Lord Protector’ after the conflict?
36.  Lord Protector was just another name for what?

37.   What ‘revolution’ occurred in England in 1688?
38.  King James II was deposed and a bill that restricted the king’s rights was drawn up. What was the name of this important bill?
39.  This bill laid the foundations of for the separation of what?

40.  Why is this separation important for the correct functioning of democracy?
41.  The bill also meant that what type of government had been established?
42.  What is the scientific method of analysis that became popular at this time?
43.  What is empiricism and which Englishman was its primary exponent?
44.  What is rationalism and which Frenchman was its primary exponent?

45.  What was ‘golden’ about the Golden Age of Spain?
46.  Who were Spain’s most famous writers of this age?
47.  What characterized Spanish architecture at this time?
48.  What was characteristic of Spanish sculpture?
49.  Who are Spain’s most famous Baroque painters?
50.  Name two famous European Baroque painters outside Spain and a famous work by each?

51.  Name two famous Baroque buildings in Spain
52.  Give two examples of famous Baroque buildings in Europe, outside Spain?